Galante classification of disc degeneration

Classification

Grade 1: Normal disc; annulus free from ruptures and shiny white; shiny white gelatinous nucleus

Grade 2: Appearance is normal but the nucleus exhibits a more fibrous structure; clear boundary is present between and nucleus

Grade 3: Isolated fissures in the annulus; the nucleus is dry and occasionally discolored; boundary between the nucleus and annulus is no longer distinct

Grade 4: Severe changes; ruptures and sequestrae in both annulus and nucleus; marginal ostophytes often found

Explanation

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Figures

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Reference(s)

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